![]() Cross gabled: The result of joining two or more gabled roof sections together, forming a T or L shape for the simplest forms, or any number of more complex shapes.Gable (ridged, dual-pitched, peaked, saddle, pack-saddle, saddleback, span roof ): A simple roof design shaped like an inverted V.Saw-tooth: Multiple single-pitched roofs arrayed in a row, sometimes seen on factories.Shed roof (lean-to, pent roof, skirt roof, outshot, skillion, mono-roof ): A roof with one slope, historically attached to a taller wall.Although referred to as flat they are generally gently pitched. ![]() Modern materials which are highly impermeable to water make possible the low-pitch roofs found on large commercial buildings. Flat: These are found in traditional buildings in regions with a low precipitation.Roof shapes Towers, especially church towers, frequently feature special roof shapes: (1) Conical roof, (2) Concave conical roof, (3) Dome, (4) Gable roof, (5) Hip roof, (6) Mansard roof, (7) Helm roof, (8) Rhenish helm, (9) Folding roof, (10) Cross roof, (11) Broach spire, (12) Tented roof, (13) Concave tented roof, (14) Cloister vault, (15) Bell roof, (16) Onion Dome, (17) Welsh spire Usages vary from region to region, nation to nation, and from one builder or architect to another. Roof shapes differ greatly from region to region, depending on the climate, materials available, customs, and many other considerations. Roof angles are an integral component of roof shape, and vary from almost flat to steeply pitched. One is expected to take their shoes off before walking on these traditional mat floorings.Roof shapes include flat (or shed), gabled, hipped, arched, domed, and a wide variety of other configurations detailed below. Many note the soft and pleasant scent that accompanies them. Floors in Japanese traditional homes were often covered completely in tatami, though now it is more common to find at least one tatami room in a home. Traditionally made of rice straw and soft rush with cloth edges, the standard size of tatami is a 2:1 ratio. Tatami (畳, mat used as flooring in traditional Japanese-style rooms) are a common staple of Japanese homes to this day. Both became well known in the West, becoming one of the first aspects of Japanese architecture to venture over. Both shōji and fusuma are utilized as interior doors and partition, used to divide and re-divide rooms, though solely shōji are used as windows, exterior walls and exterior doors, as they allow light and shadows to flicker into homes, adding a cozy feel. Despite their similarity, they differ in roles. In most homes, they are usually solid white, though in shrines or temples they are often painted on. Shōji consist of wooden frames with translucent paper, allowing light to shine through, while fusuma paper is opaque, therefore not allowing light to shine through. Shōji (moveable screens) and fusuma (襖, sliding doors) were always included in old Japanese houses. The Japanese’s minimalistic use of materials says much about their mindset. Japanese architecture values sustainability and deep connections to nature. Instead, they shape the frames of the building to fit like puzzle pieces, interlocking them together sturdily this way known as tokyō (斗栱). Further, many structures, especially temples and shrines, refrain from using nails. They valued the wood, showing respect by not covering it's natural beauty to the eye. ![]() In older Japanese homes, no paint was coated onto the walls of the buildings as a way of showing appreciation. Due to the humidity, the risk of earthquakes, and the possibility of typhoons, wood became preferred over stone or other materials, as it led to proper ventilation to combat the climate and was durable in the face of natural disaster. Japanese traditional architecture is dominated by wood. Japanese traditional architecture can be divided into eight main elements. ![]() ![]() While Japanese architecture was greatly influenced by the Chinese, the differences in their styles are vast. Simple, dignified, and beautiful the structures created during this time can even be seen today, inspiring architecture around the world. The Edo period (the 17th to mid-19th centuries) greatly shaped Japanese architecture. ![]()
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